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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1783 | - 1783: William Bentinck, Duke of Portland Prime minister (Whig)
- 1783: Joseph Michel Montgolfier and Jacques ?tienne Montgolfier invented the first practical hot air balloon.
- 1783: Shelburne's ministry, followed by that of William Pitt the Younger. Britain recognises American independence at the Peace of Versailles. Fox-North coalition established
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| 2 | 1784 | - 1784: Parliament passes the East India Act
- 1784: First edition of 'The Times' newspaper
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| 3 | 1785 | - 1785: Pitt's motion for Parliamentary Reform is defeated
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| 4 | 1786 | - 1786: The Eden commercial treaty with France is drawn up
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| 5 | 1788 | - 1788: George III suffers his first attack of 'madness' (caused by porphyria)
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| 6 | 1789 | - 1789: Outbreak of the French Revolution
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| 7 | 1790 | - 1790: Edmund Burke publishes his 'Reflections on the Revolution in France'
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| 8 | 1791 | - 1791: The 'Celerifere', an early version of the bicycle, was built around by Comte Mede de Sivrac. It was basically a scooter with a high seat
- 1791: James Boswell publishes his 'Life of Johnson' an Thomas Paine, his 'Rights of Man'
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| 9 | 1792 | - 1792: Volta discovered he could arrange metals in a series in such a way that chemical energy is converted into electrical energy; that is, two dissimilar metals are submerged in an electrolyte and connected by an circuit and thereby exchange electrons. By 1800, he had invented the so-called voltaic cell, a pile of such metals "consisting of pairs of silver and zinc disks separated by pieces of moist cardboard"
- 1792: Coal gas is used for lighting for the first time. Mary Wollstonecraft publishes her 'Vindication of the Rights of Women'
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| 10 | 1793 | - 1793: Outbreak of War between Britain and France. The voluntary Board of Agriculture is set up. Commercial depression throughout Britain
- 1793: Speculative 'Canal Bubble' in UK bursts
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| 11 | 1794 | - 1794: Erasmus Darwin, Charles' grandfather, proposed that "warm-blooded animals have arisen from one living filament...possessing the faculty of continuing to improve by its own inherent activity, and of delivering those improvements by generation to its posterity."
- 1794: Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin
- 1794: Metric system introduced in France
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| 12 | 1795 | - 1795: The 'Speenhamland' system of outdoor relief is adopted, making wages up to equal the cost of subsistence
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| 13 | 1796 | - 1796: Edward Jenner investigated the folk tale that milk maids were immune to small pox, the virus variola major, and in a brief series of experiments confirmed that exposure to cow pox, the virus vaccinia, rendered immunity
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| 14 | 1798 | - 1798: Thomas Robert Malthus, in his Essay on the Principle of Population, contended that population increses by a geometric ratio whereas the means of subsistence increase by an arithmetic ratio.
- 1798: Introduction of a tax of ten percent on incomes over ?200.
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| 15 | 1799 | - 1799: Trade Unions are suppressed. Napoleon is appointed First Consul in France
- 1799: Three-year commercial boom in Britain begins
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| 16 | 1800 | - 1800: Act of Union with Ireland unites Parliaments of England and Ireland
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| 17 | 1801 | - 1801: Close of Pitt the Younger's Ministry. The first British Census is undertaken
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| 18 | 1802 | - 1802: Peace with France is established. Peel introduces the first factory legislation
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| 19 | 1803 | - 1803: Beginning of the Napoleonic Wars. Britain declares war on France. Parliament passes the General Enclosure Act, simplifying the process of enclosing common land
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| 20 | 1805 | - 1805: Ludolf Christian Treviranus said that spermatozoa were analogous to pollen
- 1805: Nelson destroys the French and Spanish fleets at the Battle of Trafalgar, but is killed in the process
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| 21 | 1806 | - 1806: Louis Nicolas Vauquelin and Pierre Jean Robiquet isolated the first amino acid, 'asparagine,' from asparagus.
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| 22 | 1807 | - 1807: William Bentinck, Duke of Portland Prime Minister to 1809 (Whig)
- 1807: Robert Fulton ushered in the era of self-propelled ships with his construction of a commercially viable paddle-wheel steamboat
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| 23 | 1808 | - 1808: Peninsular War to drive the French out of Spain (until 1814)
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| 24 | 1809 | - 1809: Two-year commercial boom in Britain
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| 25 | 1810 | - 1810: Final illness of George III begins
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| 26 | 1811 | - 1811: Depression caused by Orders of Council. There are Luddite disturbances in Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire. The King's illness leads to his son, the Prince of Wales, becoming Regent
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| 27 | 1812 | - 1812: Georges Cuvier, in 'Discours sur les r?volutions de la surface du globe', maintained the stratigraphic succession proved that fossils occur in the chronological order of creation: fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.
- 1812: Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is assassinated in the House of Commons by a disgruntled bankrupt
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| 28 | 1813 | - 1813: Canned food was invented for the British Navy by Peter Durand. The cans were made of solid iron and usually weighed more than the food inside them
- 1813: Jane Austen's 'Pride and Prejudice' is published. The monopolies of the East India Company are abolished
- 1813: Can opener invented
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| 29 | 1815 | - 1815: The defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte at Waterloo marks the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Peace is established in Europe at the Congress of Vienna. The Corn Laws are passed by Parliament to protect British agriculture from cheap imports
- 1815: Start of two-year commercial boom in Britain
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| 30 | 1817 | - 1817: Economic slimp in Britain leads to the 'Blanketeers' March' and other disturbances
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| 31 | 1818 | - 1818: Death of the King's wife, Queen Caroline. Mary Shelley's publishes her 'Frankenstein'
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| 32 | 1819 | - 1819: Troops intervene at a mass political reform meeting in Manchester, killing and wounding four hundred people at the 'Peterloo Massacre'
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| 33 | 1820 | - 1820: Death of the blind and deranged King George III. He is succeeded by his son, the Prince Regent, who becomes King George IV. A radical plot to murder the Cabinet, known as the Cato Street Conspiracy, fails. Trial of Queen Caroline, in which George IV attempts to divorce her for adultery
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| 34 | 1821 | - 1821: Jean Fran?ois Champollion, employing the Rosetta Stone, established the principles for deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics.
- 1821: Queen Caroline is excluded from the coronation
- 1821: Start of two years of famine in Ireland
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The Devantier Family Tree
1783 - 1821 (37 years)